Spine surgeons have debated anesthesia for lumbar endoscopy almost as much as implant choice, and a new prospective randomized trial in Clinical Spine Surgery (August 2025) just poured more fuel on the fire.
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Lidocaine vs. Gas: Who Wins in Endoscopic L5/S1 Surgery?
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StudiesPremiumendoscopic spine surgerygeneral anesthesiaL5/S1 disc herniationlidocainelocal anesthesiaPEID
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